earlier today. As one might suspect, producer prices are often driven
by commodity prices. The red line is China’s PPI and the blue line is
global commodity prices. Yet the
fit is not really as tight as this Great Graphic
seems to show (h/t Christopher
Balding).
One should be suspicious of charts that show two-time series and two scales. The pictures look
pleasing to the eye, but they typically are not robust. It is a not too
subtle form of curve-fitting.
It is not clear to what global commodity prices are included in the above
chart means. We have taken a quick stab at showing what two common
commodity price indices look like when normalized (put on a single scale) with
China’s producer prices.
This first chart from Bloomberg looks at the CRB Index (yellow line) and
China’s PPI (white line). They had
been normalized and begin at 100 in October 2000. Co-movement is still
evident by not nearly as tight as suggested by using two scales. There
can be numerous reason why the tracking is not perfect.
The most obvious one is that the CRB basket is different from China’s PPI
basket. What are the chances China’s PPI is nearly identical with a
global commodity basket, as the first chart suggests? Another reason the two-time series are not identical could be the
exchange rate. The CRB is measured in dollars while China’s PPI is
composed of yuan-denominated goods.
In the second Bloomberg chart, we looked at China’s PPI (white line)
alongside the JoC-ECRI Industrial Price Index (yellow line). Both
time series have been indexed to start at 100 in October 2000. There is
some co-movement but it even looser than seen with the CRB Index.
That said, leaving aside Japan, it does look like deflationary pressures
have large bottomed and price pressures are rising. The UK and the US
report September CPI on October 18. The risk to both is the upside. UK CPI is expected to rise from 0.6%
to 0.9% on a year-over-year basis, while the core rate is expected to tick up
to 1.4% from 1.3%. Base effects, higher energy prices, and a record low trade-weighted index will likely see inflation
accelerate through the start of next year.
The headline US CPI is expected to rise to 1.5% from 1.1%. It
would be the highest since late-2014. There are also favorable base effects
that make for favorable comparisons through early next year as well. The
core rate stood at 2.3% in August. The risk is on the upside, though the
median expects unchanged.