two times series. The yellow line and the left-hand
scale show the euro’s exchange rate
against the dollar for the past year. The white line depicts the spread
between the US two-year and 10-year yield.
I show the curve this way to be more intuitive
with the euro rather than the 10-2 yr curve. To be clear as the curve
has flattened the white line rises. Despite me antipathy of putting two-time series with two scales on the same
chart, it is the only way that this data can be meaningfully displayed.
The US yield curve has flattened consistently
since the start of the year. When the Fed hiked last December, the
difference between the two-year yield and the 10-year yield was around 135
bp. It has flattened to about 94 bp now, which is the flattest since last
October.
The two-year yield is anchored to some extent by the Fed’s control over overnight
money (Fed funds). Consider that the Fed has hiked rates twice over
the past 12 months, and another hike in a couple of weeks seems very likely,
and yet the two-year yield has risen about 38 bp during this time. The US
10-year yield is considerably less tied
to the overnight rate. Over the past six months, as the two-year yield
has risen 17 bp, the 10-year yield has fallen 15 bp.
Over the past few months, the US-German
10-year yield differential has become better correlated with the euro-dollar
exchange rate than the two-year differential. We run the correlations
on the basis of percentage change of each
time series on a 60-day rolling basis. The correlation of the 10-year
spread and the euro-dollar exchange rate is near 0.68. It is the
strongest correlation since at least 2000. It finished last year near
0.50.
The correlation with the two-year yield
remains near historic extremes. For the past 60-days, the correlation
is near 0.58. It briefly was 0.65 in late-February/early March. In
late 2015, the correlation was near 0.70. It finished last year around
0.57.
The US yield curve is unchanged over the past
year, while it is flattened about 32 bp over the past six months and 19 bp over
the past three months. In contrast, the German curve has steepened by
32 bp over the past year and is flat over
the past six months. It has flattened by 27 bp over the past three months
(two-year yield is up 19 bp, and the
10-year yield increased eight bp).
Over the past month, the German curve has flattened by four bp).
Takeaway: A shift appears to have
taken place. Interest rate differentials still matter for the euro’s
exchange rate, but the 10-year appears to have eclipsed the two-year. The
US curve has flattened about the German
curve. The US 10-year has been outperforming German, which means that
the yield differential at the long-end has narrowed. Ultimately, our
conclusion remains the same: US yields need to find better traction for
the dollar to have better fundamental support.